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Peer relationships strongly influence boys’ behavior, identity development, and emotional expression. Group norms often reinforce expectations around competition, dominance, humor, and athleticism. Social status within peer groups can shape risk-taking behaviors and academic engagement.

Boys may adjust their behavior to gain acceptance within peer groups.

• Avoidance of behaviors perceived as “uncool”
• Adoption of exaggerated masculine traits
• Suppression of academic or emotional interests

Peer hierarchies can contribute to exclusion, teasing, or physical aggression.

• Status-based bullying
• Fear of social rejection
• Reinforcement of dominance norms

Peer approval may encourage risky behavior during adolescence.

• Increased impulsivity in group settings
• Pressure to demonstrate bravery or toughness
• Influence on substance experimentation

• CDC — Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
• StopBullying.gov — Prevention Research: https://www.stopbullying.gov/