====== School System Bias Against Boys ======

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===== School-to-Prison Pipeline Concerns =====

Frequent suspension and expulsion increase the likelihood of academic disengagement and dropout. Research links exclusionary discipline to later justice system involvement, particularly among boys.

School-based policing and zero-tolerance policies have expanded over recent decades, contributing to concerns about criminalizing normal adolescent behavior. Trauma-informed and restorative alternatives have demonstrated reductions in repeat offenses and improved school climate outcomes.

===== Sources =====

  * U.S. Department of Justice – School Discipline and Justice Outcomes → https://www.ojp.gov
  * School-to-Prison Pipeline Research → https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline
  * Restorative Justice in Schools → https://www.iirp.edu